What is the fundamental difference between stress and strain in the context of material deformation?

Stress is a measure of deformation, while strain is the internal force per unit area.

Stress is the internal force per unit area, while strain is the measure of deformation or change in shape.

Stress and strain both measure the same physical quantity but in different units.

Stress is only applicable to solids, while strain applies to fluids.

Compare shear stress and normal stress in terms of their direction relative to the surface on which they act.

Shear stress acts perpendicular; normal stress acts parallel

Both act perpendicular to the surface

Shear stress acts parallel; normal stress acts perpendicular

Both act parallel to the surface

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Consider a metal rod subjected to a tensile force causing elongation. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the applied force and the resulting stress?

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